Stage 1: Invasion
Timescale: first year
New arrivals to the city have to make do with waste material (corrugated iron, cardboard etc.) to build simple shelters. Residents have ‘informal jobs’ – selling matches, collecting garbage etc. They have to buy water.
Stage 2: Consolidation
Timescale: 1-10 years
More migrants arrive from rural areas. Locals are beginning to improve the area through self-help. People here want life to be better. Their incomes are still low and many jobs are informal such as street vending. Sanitation is still a big problem but people do help their neighbors when building improvements are made. These are plans to build a simple school.
Stage 3: Upgrading
Timescale: 10-20 years
The area is being improved/upgraded using funds or loans from the city council or from NGOs (Non Governmental Organisations) such as OXFAM. Water is being piped in the area, disease is being reduced, roads are paved with gravel and there is a simple sewage system, simple gardens (to grow vegetables) and TVs are more common, some with satellite dishes.
Stage 4: Assimilation
Timescale: 20+ years
People have been living here for over 20 years. It is now a stable community. Inhabitants have now been given ownership rights and taxes are collected. All children receive schooling. Some families can now afford cars. This area of city does not fit in the typical description of a shanty town.
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